THE ANALYSIS OF THEORETICAL APPROACHES CONCERNING DETERMINATION OF MONETARY MEANS ACCORDING TO THE ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

The analysis of theoretical approaches concerning determination of “monetary means” concept and their classification in the economic literature and according to the accounting standards, has been considered in the article. Monetary means are the most available assets of the enterprise, which provide its necessary paying capacity, and it causes the necessity to get full information about their movement and balance in the enterprise to increase efficiency of their use and management.

Statement of the problem and its connection with important scientific and practical tasks.The activity of the enterprise is impossible without using of financial resources.The main place among these resources is occupied by monetary means.Their receipts and use are formed according to the results of economic operations and require target direction, towards achievement of the enterprise tasks concerning its functioning and development .If you don't keep to the order of movement and circulation of monetary means, it will predetermine imbalance of other components of economic means, will result in the enterprise loss of financial independence.Monetary means is one of the important factors, which reveal financial state of the enterprise, its vitality, liquidity and paying capacity.That's why the role of money at the level of the enterprise determines expediency of their meaning and classification research.
The analysis of the latest publications on the problem.The restructuring of the accounting system has been carried on lately in Ukraine.The main task of it is acceleration of conducting of the changes connected with the demands of the international market economy and international accounting standards, which leads to necessity of generalization of the approach to determination of the concept and classification of monetary means.The question of determination of "monetary means" concept and classification of monetary means has been considered in the scientific works of such foreign and domestic scientists as Yu.Brigham, L. Gapenski, D.Van Horn, A.King, V.Babich,V.Bocharov, I. Blank, Ph.Butinets, V.Kovalyov, S.Ph.Golov, V.Kostuchenko, A.Zagorodniy, L.Ligonenko, I.Ligonenko, I.Neschodovskiy, G.Osovska, S.Ostaphiychuk, R.Piskunov, A.Poderyogin, S.Sagova, V.Sopko, V.Suchachova, O.Tereshchenko, O.Philimonenko, O.Sheremet and others, but in modern conditions of restructuring of accounting it will require further research.
Forming of the aims of the research.The aim of the article is investigation of determining ''monetary means'' category and their classification in the economic literature and according to the accounting standards.
Giving an account of the main results and their substantiation.Accounting of monetary means is a regulated normative and lawful act of Ukraine.The accounting order and reflection of monetary means in the financial records are regulated by the Ukrainian Law ''About accounting and financial records'' and accounting standards.The process of restructuring of the accounting system which is connected with the demands of the international market economy and international accounting standards, is being carried out in Ukraine.One of the main stages of transformation of the accounting records in the country is transition to the international accounting standards.It resulted in introduction of the national standard of accounting (NSA) 1 ''General demands concerning financial records'' and the national standard of accounting 2 ''Consolidated financial records'', and finally to the structural changes in the forms of the enterprise financial records, which , in its turn , causes necessity of comparison of the approaches Determination of the ''monetary means'' concept according to International standards and national standards has been given in table 1.

Table 1 Determination of the "monetary means" concept according to the national and international standards
Normative sources Interpretation International standard of accounting 7 "Report about monetary means movement" Monetary means is a cash in the cash-desk and deposits on demand.National standards of accounting 1"General requirements to the yearly financial records" Ready cash, cash on the bank accounts and deposits on demand.* composed by the authors on the basis of the sources [1,3] From the table 1 we can see, that determination of monetary means according to the national and International standards differs only by presence of monetary means on the bank accounts according to the national standards.
In the economic literature there is no single approach concerning determination of "monetary means" concept.
From the point of view of O.S. Philimonenko, "monetary means -are the means in the form of the mon-ey which is kept in the cash-desk of the enterprise, on the bank accounts, in the letters of credit, on the deposits and which accountable people have [13].V.I.Yefimenko and L.I. Lukyanenko believe that "monetary means is the cash which is kept at the enterprise, on the bank accounts; bank bills, cheques and transfers of money from the clients" [6].Theoretical approaches according to the results of the research concerning the essence of "monetary means" category in the economic literature, have been given in table 2. Monetary means can be presented not only in the form of incomes and earnings , that are accumulated in the form of money on the accounts of the enterprise, organization, institution in the banks and are used to provide their own needs or to allocate in the form of the bank resources and in the form of expenses.V.V. Babich S.V. Sagova Monetary means is the currency of Ukraine and foreign currency.

I.S. Neschodovskiy
Monetary means is an abstract measure of the economic processes, phenomena, objects, which the subjects agree to accept as a method of payment.

Ph.Ph. Butinets
Monetary means is a form of money existence, are used as a way of payment, paper currency of the national currency of Ukraine banknotes and coins, including memorable and jubilee coins, which are in the circulation and are real means.

O.S. Vysochan
Monetary means are cash in the cash-desk, electronic money, money on the current and other accounts in the banks, which can be used at any moment to carry out calculations in the process of performing the economic operations.

N.M. Tkachenko
Monetary means is a cash balance, cash on the bank account, other money means.

I. Blank
Monetary means is a totality of incomes divided by the intervals of time and payouts of monetary means, which are generated by its economic activity, the movement of which is connected with factors of time, risk and liquidity.*composed by the authors on the basis of the sources [5,7,10,12] The analysis of determination of "monetary means" concept according to the economic and accounting standards testifies that in spite of its wide-spread theoretic use and practical application, there is no single approach to the interpretation of this concept.
We share the opinion with the scientists who agree with the determination, given in NSA 1, who be-lieve that "monetary means are the most available assets of the enterprise, which can be in the form of ready cash, cash on the bank accounts, deposits on demand" [1,16,13].This determination generalizes approaches to determination of monetary means and contains: essence of monetary means, direction of their application and the final result.

ISSN 2312-847X
ЕКОНОМІКА ХАРЧОВОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ 9, Випуск 4/2017 The efficient management, qualitative accountings and analysis of monetary means cause the necessity of learning the classification of monetary means by different features.The classification of monetary means is an important element for organization of their accounting, because it allows to structure them according to the information demands of the customers [4].Theoretical approaches to the classification of monetary means, which are the most wide-spread in the economic literature, have been systematized in table 3.By the approach to determination of monetary means volume -in the broad sense -as monetary means, advanced in the enterprise property -in the narrow sense -as part of current assets, which is directly in the money form By functional purpose -as a stock of cash, created with a certain purpose By limitation in the directions of application -limited in application (monetary means, which the enterprise can use strictly according to the certain purpose) -unlimited in application (monetary means, which the enterprise can deal without any restrictions for carrying out the economic activity) *composed by the authors on the basis of the sources [8][9][10][11] In our opinion, it's not expedient to refer the cash, which is given on account or advances, to the monetary means, because they are elements of debts receivable.
In the practice the monetary means accounting is regulated normative and lawful documents of Ukraine.The order of reflecting the monetary means in the financial records is regulated by the National standard of Ac-cordind1 "general requirements to the financial records."Norms of this standards are used to the financial records and consolidated financial records of juridical people of all forms of properties (except banks and budget enterprises), which have to produce financial records according to the legislation [1].Monetary means are the most available assets of the enterprise, which provide its necessary paying capacity , which causes the necessity of obtaining full information about their movement and balances at the enterprise and it makes consideration of the classification of monetary means necessary according to the forms of the enterprise financial records.
The information about monetary means is reflected in the following forms of financial records: -form №1 "Balance (Records about the financial state); -form №3 "Records about monetary means movement"; -form №5 "Notes to the yearly financial records".
The classification of monetary means by the forms of the financial records of the enterprise according to the national standards of accounting has been given in table 4.
According to the international accounting standards, monetary means are classified analogically, but with less details.Equivalents of monetary means *composed by the authors on the basis of the sources [1,3] So, according to the form of the financial records "Records about the financial state" the information about monetary means and their equivalents as a whole is revealed and in the notes the information about the policy, which the business unit accepts for determination of monetary means composition and their equivalents, which is stipulated by differences in monetary means management in the whole world, is revealed [2].
Conclusions and prospects of the further investigations.The analysis of "monetary means" concept and monetary means classification in the economic literature and accounting standards has allowed to consider the essence of "monetary means" concept and to systematize their classification.The conducted research testifies that nowadays the common approach to determination of the essence of "monetary means" concept and their classification is absent.Transition of Ukraine to the international standards leads to necessity of having the common approach to determination of the concept and classification of monetary means.

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Випуск 4/2017 concerning determination and classification of the enterprise monetary means according to the national and International standards.

Table 2 Approaches concerning the essence of "monetary means" concept in the economic literature* Author
InterpretationS.M. OstafiychukMonetary means are absolutely available assets, that's why, one can't refer absolutely all balances on the bank accounts to this concept, because their liquidity can be greatly different from the absolute one.Yi.S. Zavadskiy G.V. Osovska