QUALITY EVALUATION OF PROTEIN FEED ADDITIVE AND TURKEY COMPOUND FEED

The article describes that there is a problem of providing the population of the planet with a complete protein in the world today. It is proved that its lack can lead to significant pathologies. This issue becomes very acute with the rapid increase in the number of people on Earth. In this situation the challenge is complicated for compound feed producers because it is necessary to provide protein feeds to farm animals and poultry to meet people's needs for animal protein products. However, feed manufacturers should not use protein raw materials that can be consumed as food. Based on cooperation with compound feed producers, the task of finding alternative sources of protein raw materials, preferably of vegetable origin, is set. The optimal composition of protein feed additive (PFA) for soybean meal replacement in compound feeds for farm animals and poultry has been developed. PFA can be manufactured at a feed mill with portion technology by weighing portions of components and mixing in a paddle periodic action mixer. PFA can be used as a part of compound feeds for poultry farms and livestock complexes, feed concentrates for poultry and livestock farms, feed mills with advanced technology, inter-farm or mini-feed mills. We have developed compound feed recipes for heavy type turkeys using PFA to determine the cost-effectiveness of using PFA in compound feed. Turkeys have been chosen as a poultry because they are the most demanding birds to the quality and quantity of protein in the ration. The experimental samples of PFA were made in accordance with the developed recipes. We determined their physical properties and chemical composition. The PFA experimental samples match the quality of soybean meal according to the physical properties and chemical composition. In accordance with the developed recipes of mixed feeds for heavy type turkeys experimental samples of starter and grower feeds were made. Research of the physical properties and chemical composition of compound feeds has shown that the replacement of soybean meal with PFA in their composition does not affect the nutritional value and technological properties of the final product.


Introduction
In the world today there is a problem of providing the population of the planet with a complete protein.
It is a structural material for the human body and its lack can lead to significant pathologies. This issue becomes very acute with the rapid increase in the number of people on Earth [1]. In this situation the challenge is complicated for compound feed producers because it is necessary to provide protein feeds to farm animals and poultry to meet people's needs for animal protein products. However, feed manufacturers should not use protein raw materials that can be consumed as food.
Thus, compound feed producers face the urgent task of finding alternative sources of protein raw materials, preferably of vegetable origin.
Soybean meal is considered to be the ideal protein raw material of plant origin in compound feed recipes. Its market price is 13500 -13800 UAH/t [2,3].
We have developed the optimal composition of protein feed additive (PFA) for soybean meal replacement in compound feeds for farm animals and poultry. PFA can be manufactured at a feed mill with portion technology by weighing portions of components and mixing in a paddle periodic action mixer. PFA can be used as a part of compound feeds for poultry farms and livestock complexes, feed concentrates for poultry and livestock farms, feed mills with advanced technology, inter-farm or mini-feed mills [4].
We have developed compound feed recipes for heavy type turkeys using PFA to determine the costeffectiveness of using PFA in compound feed. Turkeys have been chosen as a poultry because they are the most demanding birds to the quality and quantity of protein in the ration. The need for turkeys оn the starting period in crude protein is 28% [5][6][7][8][9].
Purpose and objectives of the analysis The purpose of the research is to study the physical properties and chemical composition of the experimental samples of protein feed additive in comparison with soybean meal and compound feed for heavy type turkeys, which included PFA or soybean meal. Standard methods of analysis were used for the research.

Results and its discussion
In order to reduce the cost of mixed feed, we have proposed the optimal composition of protein feed additive to replace an expensive soybean meal in feed recipes. We have developed 7 PFA recipes of various composition using the "Korm Optima Expert" software complex (table 1) [10,11].
At the department of technology of mixed feeds and biofuel at Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies the experimental samples of PFA were made in accordance with the developed recipes (samples № 5, 6, 7). We determined their physical properties and chemical composition.
The experimental samples of PFA were analyzed by the indicators that most characterize the techno-logical properties of the finished product. They are the angle of repose, flowability, bulk density and moisture content. In the table 2 the results of the study of the physical properties of PFA samples № 5, 6, 7 and soybean meal are presented.
Data analysis in table 2 indicates that moisture content of PFA experimental samples is lower by 2% than soybean meal. The bulk density and the angle of repose of the experimental samples are lower, and the flowability is better than soybean meal.
PFA nutritional value was evaluated by the content of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, сrude ash, macronutrients, and amino acids. In the table 3 the chemical composition of the PFA according to the developed recipes of samples № 5, 6, 7 and soybean meal are presented. Data analysis shows that the crude fat content in the PFA is higher than in the soybean meal due to the additional introduction of sunflower oil. The increased content of crude fiber, methionine + cystine and phosphorus in PFA is associated with more of these substances in the composition of sunflower meal and fodder yeast than in soybean meal. The excess calcium in PFA is explained by the introduction of limestone flour into its composition.
In accordance with the developed recipes of mixed feeds for heavy type turkeys [3] experimental samples of starter and grower feeds were made. Soybean meal was included in the starter feed № 1 and the grower feed № 3, and soybean meal was replaced with PFA in the starter feed № 2 and the grower feed № 4. The physical properties and chemical composition were determined in the experimental samples of starter and grower feeds.
The compound feeds were examined for the following indicators: the angle of repose, flowability, bulk density and moisture content. The results of the studies are given in the table 4.
As can be seen from the obtained data, the replacement in the recipe of compound feed for young heavy type turkeys of soybean meal on PFA does not significantly affect the physical properties of compound feeds. Thus, the experimental samples of starter and grower feeds are characterized by satisfactory physical properties.
Feed value of compound feeds, which were made according to the developed recipes, was estimated on the basis of the nomenclature of guaranteed quality indicators of compound feed, taking into account the detailed feeding norms of young turkeys by the following indicators: crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, calcium, phosphorus, lysine, methionine + cystine, threonine, tryptophan.
The data of chemical and amino acid composition of compound feeds for young turkeys are presented in the table 5.    The data analysis of the table 5 indicates that the replacement of soybean meal by PFA in the compound feed for turkeys does not affect their nutritional value. The produced compound feeds are balanced in content of nutrients and biologically active substances and meet the physiological needs and feeding standards of heavy type turkeys.

Conclusions
We have developed recipes of PFA and compound feeds for heavy type turkeys with the help of the software complex "Korm Optima Expert". The PFA is designed to replace soybean meal in compound feed recipes. The PFA is cheaper than soybean meal. The PFA experimental samples match the quality of soybean meal according to the physical properties and chemical composition.
Soybean meal was replaced by PFA in recipes of compound feeds experimental samples for heavy type turkeys № 2 and № 4. Research of the physical properties and chemical composition of compound feeds has shown that the replacement of soybean meal with PFA in their composition does not affect the nutritional value and technological properties of the final product.