DETERMINATION OF MEAT PRODUCTIVITY OF «BLAGOVARSKY» CROSS DUCKS

Feeding is the main condition for high productivity of ducks. It provides the need for metabolizable energy and nutrients according to modern standards. Ducks have an increased need for arginine, histidine, tryptophan, glycine, threonine and valine, therefore much attention is paid to the amino acid composition of feed in normalizing feeding. It is also important to consider the level of digestibility of the proposed feed. The feed nutrients digestibility depends on various factors and therefore varies considerably.Optimal ratios of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc. in the diet contribute to a high level of digestibility. The level of fiber and protein significantly affects the digestibility of nutrients in the feed. Increasing the amount of fiber (especially rich in lignin) reduces the digestibility of fiber and other nutrients. Essential influence on the nutrients digestibility is caused by the available protein content in the feed and its ratio with carbohydrates and fats. In this regard, the protein ratio of feed is determined. The protein ratio shows how many parts of digested nitrogen-free nutrients account for each part of digested protein.In addition, the feed preparation for feeding has a positive effect on their digestibility (moisturizing, enriching, grinding, steaming and others). The nutrients digestibility is also affected by different levels of macro-, micronutrients and vitamins in the feed. Increasing the feed nutrients digestibility is an important factor in reducing their costs, the cost of livestock products and improving the economic efficiency of the industry. Young ducks are characterized by precocity and high growth rate. At the age of 7 weeks, the live weight of hybrid young ducks is 3.2 – 3.4 kg, and during this period the initial weight increases more than 60 times at a feed consumption per 1 kg gain of 2.8 - 3.0 kg and average daily gain 64 - 68 g.The positive effect of the use of the developed vitamin-mineral premix in the compound feed composition on the meat productivity of “Blagovarsky” cross ducks has been determined. It was determined that from the third week of growing the live weight of young ducks of the experimental group was higher of analogues of the control group for 3,2 %. Analysis the main indicators of young ducks productivity showed that the bird of the experimental group exceeded analogues in the following periods of growth: 0 - 7 days, 15 - 21 days, 29 - 35 days, 36 - 42 days, 43 - 49 days.Survival rate of young ducks was at a high level in the range of 97 – 99.5 % for the entire period of growing in both groups. Starting from the 4th week of growing, the survival rate decreased slightly in the control group and amounted to 99.1, which is 0,2 % less than in the experimental group. The increased concentration of premix in the compound feed for the young ducks of the experimental group help to improve their slaughter qualities in comparison with the control group.


Introduction
The ability of poultry to provide high-quality food to the population is one of the main biological features. It is known that one egg satisfies a person's need for vitamin A by 15 -17 %, В 2 -10 -13 %, В 12 -55 -100 %, D -13 -40 %. Egg white is almost completely digested by humans.
Duck breeding is an important source of poultry meat especially in intensive production. High efficiency of their breeding is based on the use of valuable biological features of birds of this species. The female bird has a well-developed ovary. It concentrates a significant amount of nutrients (yolk) with the development of the follicle. Unlike mammals the oviduct in poultry not only acts as a "tube" but also produces nutrients (egg white) and forms the egg shell (soft -subshell and hard -shell). In addition, it performs the function of long-term storage of sperm and is a fusion site of male and female gametes.
Young ducks are characterized by precocity and high growth rate. At the age of 7 weeks the live weight of hybrid young ducks is 3.2 -3.4 kg, and during this peri-od the initial weight increases more than 60 times at a feed consumption per 1 kg gain of 2.8 -3.0 kg and aver age daily gain 64 -68 g. [1,2].
Ducks for meat can be breed in any climatic zone of the country using year-round or seasonal growing. Adult and young ducks adapt well to modern industrial production conditions [3].
Purpose and objectives of the analysis The purpose of the work was to determine the effect of the use of the developed vitamin-mineral premix in the compound feed composition on the meat productivity of "Blagovarsky" cross ducks.

Materials and methods
Researches on establishment of influence on growth and development of young ducks of the developed vitamin-mineral premix in the compound feed composition carried out in the farm property of IE "Manko A.G." and the Department of Genetics, Breeding and Feeding of Farm Animals of the Odessa State Agrarian University. "Blagovarsky" cross ducks were selected for the study. The study conducted by the method of groupsanalogues (table 1). 100 heads of daily ducklings were selected. 2 groups were formed from them -control and experimental, 50 heads (25 males and 25 females) in each, according to the principle of analogues. Age, sex and live weight were taken into account when selecting analogues.
Therapeutic and preventive treatment of the premises was carried out before placement the ducklings (table. 2).
The bird kept on the floor with free access to feed and water. All poultry received complete feed balanced in nutrients and biologically active substances in accordance with the direction of productivity and growing period. Vitamin-mineral premix was added at the rate of 1.4 % per 1 ton of feed to the diet of ducklings of the experimental group [4,5].
Results and its discussion Nutrients digestibility is the initial stage of interaction of feed with the body and therefore does not give a complete picture of the impact of feed nutrients on the animal (its condition, reproductive capacity, productivity). It is impossible to draw a clear line between organic and mineral elements, this division is conditional. Metabolism in the body is the general process and mineral metabolism is one of its aspects. An example is the phosphorus metabolism, which connects the body's processes of protein, carbohydrate, lipid, mineral and energy metabolism. This applies to sulfur, magnesium, iron, zinc and other elements to some extent. Minerals are not a source of energy, but in the animal's body perform various functions.
As a result of the conducted researches the growth rates of ducks and average weekly feed consumption per 1 head, norms of nutrient content in complete feed are established (table 3). Ducks are almost omnivorous. They can easily consume and digest raw materials of plant and animal origin.
Poultry is second only to fish in terms of feed conversion. Thus, broilers consume 2 -2.5 kg of concentrates per 1 kg of live weight gain, while pigs -4 -5 kg. The production of food protein from eggs and poultry is much more economical than from other livestock industries.
The table shows that the ducklings received a complete feed that met physiological needs in different periods of ontogenesis. Data of the ducklings growth rate are shown in table 4. Intense metabolic processes flows inside the poultry organism. Thus, 33 g of feed units of complete feed are required per 1 kg of chicken live weight, which is in 3.3 times higher than for cattle. Birds have a constant body temperature (in most species is in the range of +41-42 0 C). Poultry blood mass is 8 -12% of body weight, no blood groups. Blood pressure is between 140 and 170 mm Hg [4].    "Зернові продукти і комбікорми", 2020 Analyzing the dynamics of changes in the live weight of "Blagovarsky" cross ducks with different methods of feeding, it is determined the differences between the birds of the experimental and control groups, and certain deviations from the normative indicators of live weight. It should be noted that in the first three weeks the live weight of ducklings did not differ. Starting from the third week of growing the live weight of young ducks of the experimental group was higher of analogues of the control group for 3.2 %.
Live weight gains are the main indicator of meat poultry productivity, so we calculated the absolute, relative and average daily live weight gains of ducks of the control and experimental groups (Table 5).
Analysis the table data showed that the rates of absolute live weight gain of young ducks were higher in the experimental group in the following periods of ontogenesis: 0 -7 days, 15 -21 days, 29 -35 days, 36 -42 days, 43 -49 days. The largest difference in the average daily live weight gain of ducklings between the experimental and control groups was observed at the 3rd week of growth and amounted to 131.8 g. The largest relative live weight gains of ducklings were at the beginning of the rearing period, in the first two weeks. That is natural for all farm animals.
The survival of young ducks is an indirect indicator of meat productivity. The quality and yield of meat products depend on it ( Table 6).
Analysis of the table data shows that the survival rate of young ducks was at a high level in the range of 97-99.5 % for the entire period of growing in both groups. Starting from the 4th week of growing, the survival rate decreased slightly in the control group and amounted to 99.1, which is 0.2 % less than in the experimental group. The slaughter qualities of young ducks of the control and experimental groups were determined at the last stage of the study (table 7). It is seen from the given data that the increased concentration of premix in the compound feed for the young ducks of the experimental group help to improve their slaughter qualities in comparison with the control group.

Conclusions
As a result of the conducted researches the positive effect of the use of the developed vitamin-mineral premix in the compound feed composition on the meat productivity of "Blagovarsky" cross ducks has been determined. It was determined that the growth rate of ducklings live weight of the experimental group was higher of analogues of the control group. Survival rate of young ducks was at a high level in the range of 97 -99.5 % for the entire period of growing in both groups. Slaughter qualities of young ducks were significantly higher at the experimental group than the control.

Introduction
Domestic and world experience of increasing the production of livestock products and reducing their cost shows that in recent years an increase in animal productivity by 65% has been achieved by improving their feeding system and advanced housing technologies. It follows that the organization of rational full-fledged feeding of farm animals is one of the main conditions for further increase of their productivity [3,5,9].
As the knowledge of the animal's need for nutrients increases, so does the concept of the level of a complete diet. Detailed norms and rations of feeding farm animals reflect modern knowledge, on the basis of which a scientifically sound and well-founded feeding system has been developed [1].
Full supply of animals with all nutrients, minerals and biologically active substances, determines not