DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOUND FEED RECIPES FOR GEESE AND DETERMINATION OF THEIR QUALITY

The article describes that goose farming is an important source of increasing poultry production and expanding the range of poultry products. In Ukraine, the goose breeding business is promising, profitable and underdeveloped, with low competition. The profitability of geese breeding is about 75%. In addition, goose farming is one of the possible ways to solve the problem of animal protein deficiency in the world. The high-quality calculation of recipes is a necessary part of efficient production and use of finished products at the present stage of the feed industry development. Optimization of compound feed recipes determines its composition and takes into account the impact of certain feed components on the physiology, health, growth and productivity of animals. Recipe calculation programs occupy a key place in the technological chain of animal husbandry production, combining producer and products consumer. The quality of the final product and the compliance of the calculated indicators of nutritional value with the actual depend on the accuracy of the recipes calculation and take into account all the destabilizing factors in the technological production process. Thanks to modern software optimization of recipes, it becomes possible not only to make a diet with available raw materials that is optimal in quality and cost, but also to assess the feasibility of introducing a particular additive, both from a biological and economic point of view. It is proven that geese must receive high quality and balanced feed by all indicators for the normal development and realization of genetic potential. Therefore, the urgent task is to develop recipes for high-quality geese feed using domestic available raw materials. With the help of the software package "Korm Optima Expert" we have developed complete feed recipes for parent flock geese aged 0… 3 weeks (starter), 4… 8 weeks (grower), 9… 26 weeks (finisher), older 27 weeks (breeder), and recipes for broiler type geese aged 0… 4 weeks (starter) and older 5 weeks (finisher). The program includes the principle of calculating recipes at the minimum cost, taking into account the limitations of the input of each component and the nutritional value of the finished product using linear programming formulas. Experimental samples of starter, grower, finisher and breeder were made in accordance with the developed recipes of complete feed for parent flock geese. Physical properties and chemical composition were studied in the experimental samples. It is established that the experimental samples of starter, grower, finisher and breeder are characterized by satisfactory physical properties and comply with regulatory and technical documentation. They are balanced in content of nutrients and biologically active substances and meet the physiological needs and feeding standards of the parent flock geese.


Introduction
Compound feed products play a major role in the development of industrial animal husbandry and poultry farming in Ukraine. The development of feed production is an urgent task, because meat and meat products account for 24 -28 % in the diet of Ukraine population [1,2].
The most important branch of the agroindustrial complex is poultry, which has not only industrial but also social significance for the country's economy and affects the state of its food security. The consumer value of poultry is determined by its ability to supply valuable food products of domestic production. In conditions of declining incomes of Ukraine population, there is a need to provide the body with quality animal husbandry products at affordable prices, including diet eggs and meat.
Expanding the range of products, improving its quality until the so-called functional foods with specified properties is of great importance in increasing poultry products production in terms of improving the welfare of the population and increasing the number of citizens with relatively high purchasing power [3].
Goose farming is an important source of increasing poultry production and expanding the range of poultry products. In Ukraine, the goose breeding business is promising, profitable and underdeveloped, with low competition. The profitability of geese breeding is about 75%. In addition, goose farming is one of the possible ways to solve the problem of animal protein deficiency in the world.
The reasons of the attractiveness of breeding and rearing geese are:  unpretentiousness of the poultry to the keeping     and feeding conditions;  ability to consume and digest a significant amount of fiber-rich feed with minimal consumption of concentrated feed;  high ability to adapt to different climatic conditions;  resistance to diseases;  high growth rate of young animals -4 -5 kg at the age of 9 weeks;  a wide range of products not only for the food industry (meat, fat, liver), but also for perfume, pharmaceutical, light [4 -6].
The high-quality calculation o f recipes is a necessary part of efficient production and use of finished products at the present stage of the feed industry development.
Optimization of compound feed recipes determines its composition and takes into account the impact of certain feed components on the physiology, health, growth and productivity of animals. Recipe calculation programs occupy a key place in the technological chain of animal husbandry production, combining producer and products consumer.
The quality of the final product and the compli-ance of the calculated indicators of nutritional value with the actual depend on the accuracy of the recipes calculation and take into account all the destabilizing factors in the technological production process. Thanks to modern software optimization of recipes, it becomes possible not only to make a diet with available raw materials that is optimal in quality and cost, but also to assess the feasibility of introducing a particular additive, both from a biological and economic point of view.

Purpose and objectives of the analysis
The aim of the study was to develop complete feed recipes for geese and determine their physical properties and chemical composition in comparison with regulatory and technical documentation. Standard methods of analysis were used for the research.

Results and its discussion
Geese must receive high quality and balanced feed by all indicators for the normal development and realization of genetic potential. Therefore, the urgent task is to develop recipes for high-quality geese feed using domestic available raw materials.
The nutritional value and cost of feed components are given in table 1.
With the help of the software package "Korm Optima Expert" [7] we have developed complete feed recipes for parent flock geese aged 0… 3 weeks (starter), 4… 8 weeks (grower), 9… 26 weeks (finisher), older 27 weeks (breeder), and recipes for broiler type geese aged 0… 4 weeks (starter) and older 5 weeks (finisher). The program includes the principle of calculating recipes at the minimum cost, taking into account the limitations of the input of each component and the nutritional value of the finished product using linear programming formulas.
The optimal composition of compound feed recipes for parent flock geese and broiler type geese at all stages of growth and productivity with a minimum cost was obtained with the help of the software package "Korm Optima Expert". They meet the feeding standards and the input restrictions of components and can be used for the geese full feeding (Table 2).
Experimental samples of starter, grower, finisher and breeder were made in accordance with the developed recipes of complete feed for parent flock geese. Recipes of compound feeds are given in table 2. Physical properties and chemical composition were studied in the experimental samples.
Study of physical properties.
Compound feeds were investigated according to the following indicators: moisture content, angle of repose, flowability and bulk density. The research results are given in table 3.
As can be seen from the obtained data, experimental samples of starter, grower, finisher and breeder are characterized by satisfactory physical properties and comply with regulatory and technical documentation.
Study of chemical composition.
The fodder value of prepared compound feeds was evaluated based on the nomenclature of guaranteed feed quality indicators, taking into account the detailed norms of feeding geese on the following indicators: crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, mass fraction of calcium, phosphorus, lysine, methionine + cystine, threonine, tryptophan.
Data on the study of chemical and amino acid composition of feed for parent flock geese are given in the table 4.
Data analysis of table 4 shows that the produced feeds are balanced in content of nutrients and biologically active substances and meets the physiological needs and feeding standards of the parent flock geese.

Conclusions
The optimal recipes of complete feeds for geese with a minimum price were calculated and experimental samples were made, based on theoretical and experimental research. The evaluation of quality indicators of compound feeds experimental samples determined that they meet the regulatory and technical documentation and feeding requirements.